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Objective: To investigate the effect of Cordyceps sinensis (Bailing Capsule, fermented agent of C. sinensis) on renal function of patients with chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN). Methods: A total of 231 CAN patients who underwent transplantation between 2005 and 2008 and experienced chronic graft dysfunction were randomly divided into 2 groups. Patients in group A (n = 122) were treated with immunosuppressive agents and C. sinensis (2.0 g/day, 3 times a day), while patients in group B (n = 109) were treated with traditional immunosuppressive drugs. Serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine clearance rate (C_Cr) and urinary protein in 24 h (24-hour Upro) of all patients were measured before and after treatment. Urinary concentrations of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β₁, retinol-binding protein (RBP) and β₂-microglobulin (β₂-MG) were detected at the same time. Results …