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The Randomised Intervention Treatment of Angina (RITA) trial is comparing the long-term effects of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) in patients with one, two, or three diseased coronary arteries in whom equivalent revascularisation was deemed achievable by either procedure. This first report is for a mean 2·5 years' follow-up on the 1011 patients randomised. 59% had grade 3 or 4 angina, 59% had experienced angina at rest, and 55% had two or more diseased coronary arteries. The intended procedure was done in 98% of patients. In 97% of CABG patients all intended vessels were grafted. Dilatation of all treatment vessels was attempted in 87% of PTCA patients with an angiographic success rate per vessel of 87% (90% excluding occluded vessels). There have been 34 deaths (18 CABG, 16 PTCA) and the pre-defined combined primary event …