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BACKGROUND:

Mesorectal excision with lateral lymph node dissection is the standard treatment for locally advanced low rectal cancer in Japan. However, the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic lateral lymph node dissection remain to be determined.

OBJECTIVE:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic versus open lateral lymph node dissection for locally advanced low rectal cancer.

DESIGN:

This was a retrospective cohort study using an exact matching method.

SETTING:

We conducted a multicenter study of 69 specialized centers in Japan.

PATIENTS:

Patients with consecutive midrectal or low rectal adenocarcinoma cancer stage II to III who underwent mesorectal excision with curative intent between 2010 and 2011 were recruited.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Short-term and oncological outcomes were compared between the laparoscopic and open-surgery groups …