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Background Lymphatic filariasis (LF), onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminths (STH) and trachoma represent the five most prevalent neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). They can be controlled or eliminated by means of safe and cost-effective interventions delivered through programs of Mass Drug Administration (MDA)—also named Preventive Chemotherapy (PCT). The WHO defined targets for NTD control/elimination by 2020, reinforced by the 2012 London Declaration, which, if achieved, would result in dramatic health gains. We estimated the potential economic benefit of achieving these targets, focusing specifically on productivity and out-of-pocket payments. Methods Productivity loss was calculated by combining disease frequency with productivity loss from the disease, from the perspective of affected individuals. Productivity gain was calculated by deducting the total loss expected in the target achievement scenario from the loss in a counterfactual scenario where it was assumed the pre-intervention situation in 1990 regarding NTDs would continue unabated until 2030. Economic benefits from out-of-pocket payments (OPPs) were calculated similarly. Benefits are reported in 2005 US (purchasingpowerparity-adjustedanddiscountedat3%perannumfrom2010).Sensitivityanalyseswereusedtoassesstheinfluenceofchangesininputparameters.ResultsTheeconomicbenefitfromproductivitygainwasestimatedtobeI 251 billion in 2011–2020 and I 313billionin2021–2030,considerablygreaterthanthetotalOPPsavertedofI 0.72 billion and I 0.96billioninthesameperiods.ThenetbenefitisexpectedtobeUS 27.4 and US 42 …