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Study Design.

Retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database.

Objective.

To determine the postoperative morbidity of one-and two-level outpatient anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) relative to inpatient cases, and risk factors for postdischarge complications.

Summary of Background Data.

ACDF is increasingly performed as an outpatient procedure, with evidence demonstrating outpatient one-level ACDF to be associated with fewer postoperative complications than inpatients. The postoperative morbidity and safety of outpatient two-level ACDF as a separate cohort is not well understood.

Methods.

ACDF cases from NSQIP 2011 to 2014 were identified. Differences in baseline characteristics between inpatient and outpatient cases were determined, and propensity score adjustment was used to account for selection bias …