作者
Aras Mohammed Khudhur, Kasim Abass Askar
发表日期
2013/9
期刊
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences
卷号
5
期号
9
页码范围
166-171
简介
Pesticides are used to control specific fungi, herbs, insects and other pests in crops (Johnsen et al., 2001). Pesticide application is still the most effective and accepted means for the protection of plants from pest (Bolognesi, 2003), but the extensive use of pesticide over the past four decades has resulted in tribulations caused by interaction with natural biological system (Ayansina and Oso, 2006).
In the last few decades, numerous soil microorganisms have been found to have a positive effect on plant development. Besides the well-known symbiotic nodular bacteria, free nitrogen fixers in the rhizosphere (Azotobacter) can also stimulate plant growth or reduce the damage caused by soil-borne plant pathogens (Kloepper et al., 1989) and has been used as a potential nitrogenous fertilizer to increase crop yield (Steinberga et al., 1996; Mrkovaaki et al., 2001). Some pesticides used
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