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Rainbow trout were exposed to a sublethal concentration of waterborne Cd (0 or 3 μg/L) or dietary Cd (0 or 500 mg/kg dry wt) for 30 days to induce acclimation, and tissue Cd and metallothionein (MT) levels were examined. The greatest Cd concentrations were observed in the kidney followed by the gills and liver of the fish exposed to Cd via water, but in the gut tissues followed by the kidney, liver, and gills for dietary-exposed fish, reflecting a variation depending on the route of Cd exposure. Some MT was found in the nonacclimated naïve fish with no experience of elevated Cd exposure, and these background MT levels were quite high in the posterior intestine (480 μg/g), cecae (257 μg/g), and liver (248 μg/g) relative to other tissues (7–50 μg/g). With exposure to both waterborne and dietary Cd, MT levels rose significantly in all observed tissues. The increases relative to the control levels of MT in naïve …