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Parturition is associated with increased production of proinflammatory mediators by gestational tissues. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an antiinflammatory cytokine produced by human chorion, decidual, and trophoblast tissues. To study the effects of immunomodulators on IL-10, IL-6, and PGE₂ production by human choriodecidua before and after labor, an organ explant system was established. Tissue disks (6 mm) were excised from choriodecidual membranes obtained at term by cesarean section before labor (n = 6–7) or after spontaneous vaginal delivery (n = 7–8). After 24-h equilibration in medium, the tissues were treated with IL-1β (10 ng/mL), tumor necrosis factor-α (100 ng/mL), lipopolysaccharide (5 μg/mL), dexamethasone (1 μmol/L), or an appropriate vehicle control (n = 3 wells/treatment) for 24 h. Media were harvested, and IL-10, IL-6, and PGE₂ concentrations were determined by immunoassay. Basal …