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Gastrodia elata (GE) Blume is one of the most important traditional plants in Oriental countries and has been used for centuries to improve various conditions. The phenolic glucoside gastrodin is an active constituent of GE. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective role of gastrodin in 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺)/1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine‐ (MPTP) induced human dopaminergic SH‐SY5Y cells and mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD), respectively. Gastrodin significantly and dose dependently protected dopaminergic neurons against neurotoxicity through regulating free radicals, Bax/Bcl‐2 mRNA, caspase‐3, and cleaved poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) in SH‐SY5Y cells stressed with MPP⁺. Gastrodin also showed neuroprotective effects in the subchronic MPTP mouse PD model by ameliorating bradykinesia and motor impairment in the pole and rotarod …