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Aberrations in the apoptotic mechanisms that cause excessive or deficient programmed cell death have been linked to a wide array of pathological conditions. In this study, using real-time reverse transcriptase–PCR, we analyzed the expression of apoptosis-regulating miRNAs (miR-15a, miR-16, miR-17-5p, miR-20a, miR-21, miR-29a, and miR-34a) in 20 oral squamous cell carcinoma and 5 normal oral mucosa tissue samples. Bioinformatic algorithms were used to identify the target genes of these miRNAs (BCL2, CASP2, CASP7, CASP8, DIABLO). The expression transcript levels of the target genes were measured in 50 oral squamous cell carcinoma and 10 normal oral mucosa tissue samples. We observed downregulation of miR-15a, miR-29a, and miR-34a in 50, 75, and 70% of samples, respectively. miR-16, miR-17-5p, miR-20a, and miR-21 expression was normal in 80, 75, 90, and 60% of samples …