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Many bacterial species have biotechnological applications, for example in the production of compounds of interest by fermentation or biotransformation, the handling of waste and the decontamination of polluted sites. The genetic manipulation of such bacteria may improve their suitability for these processes, and even allow them to synthesize or degrade new compounds. Obtaining good results usually requires that engineered microorganisms dedicate a significant amount of their resources (energy, reducing power, etc.) to the desired biocatalytic activity, but this can leave their general physiology under-optimized. When resources are compromised, a number of responses aimed at restoring proper equilibrium are triggered, likely resulting in the yield of the desired catalytic activities being reduced. This is an old problem for biotechnologists that has traditionally been tackled by optimizing the growth conditions, but …