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Poorly designed user interfaces limit the effective use of medical devices, leading to user errors. Hence, before such devices are implemented, it is essential to identify potential usability issues. A common approach to testing usability is a simulation-based test, which allows practitioners to identify usability issues by observing how users interact with the product being tested.

Infusion pumps are frequently used in medical settings, and much effort has been made to advance their design and features. To enhance patient safety, smart intravenous (IV) pumps with safety functions (e.g., drug library, alarms) have been developed. However, they do not always have usable interface designs. A simulation-based test was thus conducted in this study to examine the usability of smart IV pumps.

Four smart IV pumps (Pumps 1, 2, 3, and 4) were tested. Table 1 presents their key characteristics. Thirty registered nurses with little …