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This study evaluated decay and termite resistance of thermally compressed pine wood panels under pressure at either 5 or 7MPa and either 120 or 150°C for 1h. Wood specimens from the panels were exposed to laboratory decay resistance tests by using the wood degrading fungi, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Trametes versicolor. The thermal compression process caused increases in density and decreases in thickness of the panels; however, laboratory decay resistance tests revealed that thermally compressed wood was not resistant against the wood degrading fungi tested. More interesting results were found in laboratory termite resistance tests by using the Eastern subterranean termites, Reticulitermes flavipes. As pressure and temperature applied to the specimens increased to 7MPa and 120°C, mass losses in the specimens gradually decreased in comparison with control specimens. However, the …