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Regular physical activity promotes the cardiovascular fitness and the physical and psychological health. However, exercise can acutely increase the cardiovascular risk in athletes with congenital and acquired heart disease. In Italy, pre-participation cardiovascular screening to obtain eligibility is mandatory for both agonistic and non-agonistic sports, whereas in the United States it is not requested.

In this study, we aimed at investigating the clinical characteristics of subjects with congenital heart diseases who requested the judgment of eligibility to sport practice at the Sport Medicine Center, University of Florence.

Over the period 2010–2016 approximately 3000 athletes aged 6–50 year-old per year underwent eligibility visits at our Center. We found 227 patients with Congenital Heart Disease.

The eligibility visits included an accurate familiar and personal history and …