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We evaluated the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of l-arginine α-ketoglutarate (AAKG) in trained adult men.

Subjects participated in two studies that employed a randomized, double-blind, controlled design. In study 1, 10 healthy men (30–50 y old) fasted for 8 h and then ingested 4 g of time-released or non–timed-released AAKG. Blood samples were taken for 8 h after AAKG ingestion to assess the pharmacokinetic profile of l-arginine. After 1 wk the alternative supplement was ingested. In study 2, which was placebo controlled, 35 resistance-trained adult men (30–50 y old) were randomly assigned to ingest 4 g of AAKG (three times a day, i.e., 12 g daily, n = 20) or placebo (n = 15). Participants performed 4 d of periodized resistance training per week for 8 wk. At 0, 4, and 8 wk of supplementation the following tests were performed: clinical blood markers, one repetition maximum bench …