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Due to material deterioration, structure age, changes in building function, fault design, and decreased structural reliability brought on by natural catastrophes, it may require to strengthening the reinforced concrete (RC) beams. The entire carbon footprint is increased by the usage of building materials like cement. Therefore, restoring/improving their overall functionality may be accomplished more sustainably by strengthening and repairing damaged members. In this study, a series of RC beams were tested in three-point bending to determine the ability of various strengthening techniques to improve the beams' flexural capacity. Three strengthening techniques were proposed: External bonding with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates, near-surface mounted (NSM), and U-jacket. The experimental study compared the various strengthening methods in terms of ultimate loads, crack loads, maximum …