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Due to the lack of representative and well documented data from many countries, this chapter can only provide an incomplete and preliminary picture of the present geographic distribution of echinococcosis and the epidemiological situation. However, the available data indicate that human echinococcosis continues to be a significant public health problem in numerous countries. From several regions there are alarming indications of increasing human health risks caused by echinococcosis. These facts should be reasons for health authorities to establish internationally coordinated systems of surveillance and risk assessment, and to improve and support measures for control and prevention.