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Cross-ice movements of mammals in the Thousands Island Region of the St. Lawrence River, NY, USA, were analyzed to test for effects of island area on immigration rates, i.e., the target area hypothesis. The data were taken from 30 snow tracking surveys conducted during optimal tracking conditions over a four year period. Winter immigrations by the canids, non-canids and all mammals combined increased significantly with island area (P < 0.01). Thus, community structure of insular mammals in this and similar archipelagoes may be influenced by geometry of the islands and potential sources as well as the characteristics of the species and barrier in question.