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To investigate the association of psychological resources with the prevalence of chronic conditions up to 10 years later, and the mediating roles of health behaviours and allostatic load. Participants from the Midlife in the United States study (N = 850) completed surveys and biomarker assessments over the course of 10 years. Primary outcome was the prevalence of chronic conditions later in life, controlling for baseline chronic conditions. Secondary outcomes were health behaviours and allostatic load. Direct and indirect associations between psychological resources and chronic conditions were examined. Psychological resources were negatively associated with chronic conditions directly (ƅ = −.177, p < .05) and indirectly through health behaviours (ƅ = −.026, p < .05), but not through allostatic load (ƅ = −.000, p > .05). Psychological resources …