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Pneumonia is the most common fatal hospital-acquired infection, with attributable mortality rates ranging from 30 to 60%. Rapid initiation of optimal antimicrobial therapy is essential for obtaining treatment success. In this report the antimicrobial susceptibility of 556 strains from the lower respiratory tract were collected by the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1997). These strains were isolated from hospitalized patients with pneumonia in 10 Latin American centers (6 countries) as part of this 68-center worldwide program. The isolates were susceptibility tested against more than 70 drugs (35 reported) by the reference broth microdilution method. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli phenotypically consistent with extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production were characterized further by ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The five most frequently isolated species were (n …