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In this study, we explore the impact of four alternative indices of reproductive potential (RP) on perceptions of population productivity for eight fish populations across the North Atlantic. The four indices of RP included increasing biological complexity, adding variation in maturation, sex ratio, and fecundity. Perceptions of stock productivity were greatly affected by the choice of index of RP. Population status relative to reference points, RP per recruit, and projections of population size all varied when alternative indices of RP were used. There was no consistency in which index of RP gave the highest or lowest estimate of population productivity, but rather, this varied depending on how much variation there was in the reproductive biology of the population and the age composition. Estimates of sustainable harvest levels and recovery time for depleted populations can vary greatly depending on the index of RP.