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The authors have studied the accuracy and robustness of a prototype electromagnetic window field generator (WFG) in an interventional radiology suite with a robotic C‐arm. The overall purpose is the development of guidance systems combining real‐time imaging with tracking of flexible instruments for bronchoscopy, laparoscopic ultrasound, endoluminal surgery, endovascular therapy, and spinal surgery.

The WFG has a torus shape, which facilitates x‐ray imaging through its centre. The authors compared the performance of the WFG to that of a standard field generator (SFG) under the influence of the C‐arm. Both accuracy and robustness measurements were performed with the C‐arm in different positions and poses.

The system was deemed robust for both field generators, but the accuracy was notably influenced as the C‐arm was moved into the electromagnetic field. The SFG …