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Acid mine drainage (AMD) has continued to be a major threat leading to the destruction of the ecosystem and contamination of soil and waterbodies. The high sulfate concentration of AMD lowers the soil pH, making the soil more acidic and less productive which contributes to a reduction in the availability of arable land for agricultural purposes. Biological treatment has offered a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach through the introduction of organic substrates, aeration, or genetically modified microorganism to stimulate the contaminated environment and enhance sulfate reduction as opposed to previously used physicochemical methods which were criticized due to their inefficient and non-ecofriendly nature. This study focused on the evaluation of biological treatment through the application of wastewater (biostimulation) and air-injection (bioventing) for sulfate removal from AMD-contaminated soils. AMD …