作者
KM Iris, Daniel CW Tsang, Alex CK Yip, Season S Chen, Lei Wang, Yong Sik Ok, Chi Sun Poon
发表日期
2017/8/1
期刊
Bioresource technology
卷号
237
页码范围
222-230
出版商
Elsevier
简介
This study aimed to maximize the valorization of bread waste, a typical food waste stream, into hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) by improving our kinetic understanding. The highest HMF yield (30 mol%) was achieved using SnCl4 as catalyst, which offered strong derived Brønsted acidity and moderate Lewis acidity. We evaluated the kinetic balance between these acidities to facilitate faster desirable reactions (i.e., hydrolysis, isomerization, and dehydration) relative to undesirable reactions (i.e., rehydration and polymerization). Such catalyst selectivity of SnCl4, AlCl3, and FeCl3 was critical in maximizing HMF yield. Higher temperature made marginal advancement by accelerating the undesirable reactions to a similar extent as the desirable pathways. The polymerization-induced metal-impregnated high-porosity carbon was a possible precursor of biochar-based catalyst, further driving up the economic potential …
学术搜索中的文章
KM Iris, DCW Tsang, ACK Yip, SS Chen, L Wang… - Bioresource technology, 2017