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The aims of this work were synthesis of rod shaped nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) and fabrication of novel nano-hydroxyapatite/poly(l-lactide acid) (nHAP/PLLA) composite scaffold. In the first step, the identification and morphology of chemically synthesized nHAP particles were determined by XRD, EDX, FTIR and SEM analyses. The rod shaped nHAP particles with an average size of approximately 37–65nm in width and 100–400nm in length were found similar to natural bone apatite in terms of chemical composition and structural morphology. In the second step, nHAP and micro sized HAP (mHAP) particles were used to fabricate HAP filled PLLA (HAP/PLLA) composites scaffolds using thermally induced phase separation method. The porosity of scaffolds was up to 85.06% and their average macropore diameter was in the range of 64–175μm. FTIR and XRD analyses showed some molecular interactions and …