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In vitro test methods can provide a rapid approach for the screening of large numbers of chemicals for their potential to produce toxicity. In order to identify potential developmental neurotoxicants, assessment of critical neurodevelopmental processes, such as neuronal differentiation and growth has been proposed. PC12 cells have been widely used to study the neurotrophic factor-induced signaling pathways that control differentiation, and as in vitro models to detect the effect of chemicals on neurite outgrowth. Upon exposure to nerve growth factor (NGF), PC12 cells cease to proliferate, extend multiple neurites, and acquire the properties of sympathetic neurons. Measurement of the number and length of neurites during exposure to NGF provides a quantitative assessment of neuronal differentiation and growth. Differentiation and neurite outgrowth can be measured using simple contrast microscopy in live …