作者
Kira S Makarova, Yuri I Wolf, Jaime Iranzo, Sergey A Shmakov, Omer S Alkhnbashi, Stan JJ Brouns, Emmanuelle Charpentier, David Cheng, Daniel H Haft, Philippe Horvath, Sylvain Moineau, Francisco JM Mojica, David Scott, Shiraz A Shah, Virginijus Siksnys, Michael P Terns, Česlovas Venclovas, Malcolm F White, Alexander F Yakunin, Winston Yan, Feng Zhang, Roger A Garrett, Rolf Backofen, John van der Oost, Rodolphe Barrangou, Eugene V Koonin
发表日期
2020/2
来源
Nature Reviews Microbiology
卷号
18
期号
2
页码范围
67-83
出版商
Nature Publishing Group
简介
The number and diversity of known CRISPR–Cas systems have substantially increased in recent years. Here, we provide an updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR–Cas systems and cas genes, with an emphasis on the major developments that have occurred since the publication of the latest classification, in 2015. The new classification includes 2 classes, 6 types and 33 subtypes, compared with 5 types and 16 subtypes in 2015. A key development is the ongoing discovery of multiple, novel class 2 CRISPR–Cas systems, which now include 3 types and 17 subtypes. A second major novelty is the discovery of numerous derived CRISPR–Cas variants, often associated with mobile genetic elements that lack the nucleases required for interference. Some of these variants are involved in RNA-guided transposition, whereas others are predicted to perform functions distinct from adaptive immunity that remain to …
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KS Makarova, YI Wolf, J Iranzo, SA Shmakov… - Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2020