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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of long‐term disability with variable recovery. Preclinical studies suggest that vitamin D status influences the recovery after TBI. However, there is no published clinical data on links between vitamin D status and TBI outcomes. The aim was to determine the (i) prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency, and associations of vitamin D status with (ii) demographic factors and TBI severity, and with (iii) cognitive function, symptoms and quality of life, in adults after TBI.

Retrospective audit of patients seen between July 2009 and March 2015. Serum vitamin D (25‐hydroxy‐cholecalciferol) was categorized as deficient (<40 nmol/l), insufficient (40–70 nmol/l) or replete (>70 nmol/l).

A total of 353 adults seen in tertiary hospital clinic (75·4% lighter skinned, 74·8% male, age median 35·1 year, range 26·6–48·3 year), 0·3–56·5 months after TBI (74·5 …