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This is the first report on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) somatic embryo plants regenerated and growing in a greenhouse. The present work focused on improving somatic embryogenesis of the species by studying the factors affecting culture induction. Developmental stage of explants that were immature female gametophytes, including the zygotic embryos with suspensor tissues, was investigated in detail. The genetic background of the material, cold treatments (14 d, 1 or 2 months at +5°C) of cones including explants, as well as the plant growth regulator composition of the initiation medium, were also examined. When initiation of somatic embryogenesis was successful, the zygotic embryos in the explants were either proembryos or early embryos. Cold treatment of the cones had no significant effect on induction, nor were there any differences among the treatments with different duration, thus improving the …