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Colon ascendens stent peritonitis (CASP) and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), two animal models designed to closely mimic the clinical course of intra-abdominal sepsis, were compared. In the past, immunomodulatory therapies developed in animal studies failed to be successful in humans. As a consequence, the established animal sepsis models were criticized. It has been proposed that present models had to be reevaluated, and new, clinically more relevant models should be evolved. CLP procedure was performed puncturing once (CLP [1]) or twice (CLP [2]) the ligated cecum of C57BL/6 mice. In the CASP model, a stent with defined diameter was surgically inserted into the ascending colon. Survival, bacterial load, immunohistochemistry, and serum cytokine levels were analyzed in the groups. Survival after CASP procedure correlated strongly with the stent diameter, whereas the number of punctures in …