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The current chapter describes the ecological context and post-fire management practices for the most important and fire-prone coniferous tree species in the Mediterranean Basin, the serotinous pine trees. The state of art about evolution, habitat and adaptive strategies of Pinus halepensis Mill, Pinus brutia Ten. and Pinus pinaster Aiton are included. The management of burned areas, from emergency to long-term actions, are included but also the influence of climate change and the changing fire dynamics are discussed. To illustrate it, we included some case studies for the serotinous pine species in both Eastern and Western Mediterranean Basin.