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Urban and regional air pollutions are characterized by high concentrations of secondary pollutants such as photo-oxidants (mainly ozone) and fine particulate matter, which are formed through chemical reactions of the primary pollutants emitted from various sources. The accumulation of these pollutants under stagnant meteorological conditions results in the formation of gray haze, reducing visibility and causing major impacts on human health and climate. In an air pollution complex, the coexistence of high concentrations of primary and secondary gaseous and particulate pollutants provides a large amount of reactants for heterogeneous reactions on the surface of fine particles; these reactions change the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere, as well as chemical compositions along with the physicochemical and optical properties of particulate matter, thereby accelerating formation of the air pollution …