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This paper presents a novel architecture using a hybrid system for real-time water quality monitoring that combines optical camera communications (OCC) and long-range (LoRa) radio frequency technology. The OCC link enables the communication between underwater sensor nodes and high-resolution image sensors typically mounted on aerial vehicles, such as drones or blimps. The LoRa technology in the proposed hybrid system establishes a reliable and energy-efficient communication channel from the aerial devices to the ground station. This work empirically investigates the performance of the water-air OCC uplink under calm and wavy water surface conditions. As a communication link quality metric, the system signal-to-noise ratio is measured considering several detection schemes as the regions of interest (ROI) for comparison. It is illustrated that the system performance is significantly improved by …