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Despite advances in cardiac surgery, observational studies suggest that females have poorer post-operative outcomes than males. This study is the first to review sex related outcomes following both coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and valve surgery with or without combined CABG.

We identified 30 primary research articles reporting either short-term mortality (in-hospital/30 day), long-term mortality, and post-operative stroke, sternal wound infection and myocardial infarction (MI) in both sexes following CABG and valve surgery with or without combined CABG. Reported adjusted odds/hazard ratio were pooled using an inverse variance model.

Females undergoing CABG and combined valve and CABG surgery were at higher risk of short-term mortality (odds ratio (OR) 1.40; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32–1.49; I² = 79%) and post-operative stroke (OR 1.2; CI 1.07–1.34; I² = 90 …