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The biosafety of hydroquinone and its derivatives as skin whitening agent remains controversial. Here, we investigated the effects of hydroquinone, arbutin, and deoxyarbutin (d-arb) on melanogenesis and antioxidation using cultured melan-a melanocytes in the presence or absence of ultraviolet A (UVA)-induced oxidative stress and determined whether d-arb enables to be an alterative to hydroquinone and arbutin for skin whitening use.

d-arb was synthesized in this study by removing all hydroxyl groups from the glucose side-chain of arbutin. Tyrosinase activity was measured by ¹⁴C-tyrosine incorporation, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was monitored by H₂DCFDA fluorescence labeling, and the cell viability was determined by MTT assay in murine melan-a melanocytes treated with hydroquinone, arbutin and deoxyarbutin in the presence or …