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Thin, hard amorphous carbon (a-C) layers were the object of investigations, in particular the microstructure of the layer in the carbon layer-steel substrate system with the aim of optimization of the synthesis and applicability of this new system for medical implants. The results of Auger electron spectroscopy studies show that the composition of the layer is complex. It consists of carbon and a transitional layer containing both carbides and carbon regions. The structure of the coatings ensures a high mechanical strength and very good adhesion to steel. The studies were aimed at investigations of the biological resistance of implants in the oral cavity. Human saliva is an aqueous solution of salts (organic compounds) and contains small amounts of organic substances and gases. The results of the investigations have shown very good resistance of a-C to elements of the oral cavity environment.