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Determining how agricultural management practices affect soil P over time could further our understanding of soil P cycling and, thereby, improve P fertilizer use. This study assessed the effects of tillage and P fertilization on soil P fractions over 10‐ and 16‐yr periods of cultivation. In 1992, a long‐term corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotational experiment was established in eastern Canada. Soil samples (0–15 cm) were collected in spring 2002 and 2008 before corn was planted in plots cultivated under moldboard plow (MP) and no till (NT) management and fertilized with 0, 17.5, or 35 kg P ha^‐1 and 160 kg N ha^‐1 (applied only during the corn phase). Soil samples were analyzed for different attributes including P fractions, Mehlich‐3 P (P_M3), P saturation index (PSI), and other chemical properties. Results show that P_M3 and PSI were greater under NT compared with MP and also increased …