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The seismic response characteristics of underground structures are very different from those of aboveground structures. Great efforts have been made in investigating the influence factors on the seismic responses of rectangular underground structures, while the theoretical analyses and comprehensive understandings remain insufficient in the current research. In order to shed light on the seismic response characteristics of the shallow buried rectangular underground structure, an extended parametric study, based on a real underground structure, the Daikai subway station in Japan was conducted in the present paper. In particular, a two-dimensional soil-structure system was adopted for the dynamic time-history analysis. The equivalent linear model was used to consider the nonlinear behaviors of the soil elements, and the elastic model was used to simulate the structure elements. A variety of critical factors that …