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Cytogenetic studies of wild populations of the 2 species revealed a strong homology between their diploid genomes. Some entries of H. murinum, however, differed considerably in the number of rod and ring bivalents. Distinct grain hordein electrophoregrams allowed the 2 species to be distinguished from each other and from H. vulgare. Pronounced polymorphism was found in the H. murinum samples collected at 7 different locations. Salt tolerance, as estimated by germination rate, seedling growth and proline accumulation in the shoots, was strongly influenced by the ecological conditions in the area of origin.