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To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for patients with newly diagnosed aggressive and relapsed non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), we administered LEED, a drug-only HDCT regimen consisting of melphalan, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and dexamethasone, followed by ASCT in this single-institution trial. Furthermore, rituximab was added to the LEED regimen (R-LEED) for patients with CD20⁺ NHL.Twenty-six patients in the LEED group and 24 patients in the R-LEED group were enrolled and assessed for this study. All patients achieved complete engraftment after ASCT. As for the nonhematologic toxicities, infection toxicities of grades 3 and 4 were observed in 9 patients (34.6%) of the LEED group and 12 patients (50%) of the R-LEED group. Four patients (15.4%) in the LEED group and 5 (20.8%) in the R …