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Caveolin-1, a 21- to 24-kd integral membrane protein, is primarily implicated as a tumor suppressor gene. Transformed cells normally contain reduced or no caveolin-1. Re-expression of caveolin-1 is found in advanced human and mouse prostate adenocarcinomas. To explore its potential role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression of human lung cancers, we used the well-characterized cell line (CL) series of lung adenocarcinoma cells with increasing cellular invasiveness to show that expression of caveolin-1 mRNA and protein was up-regulated with enhanced invasion/metastatic capability of CL cells. Reintroducing the caveolin-1 gene into the less invasive, caveolin-1-negative CL cells enhanced their invasive capability at least by twofold, as revealed by an in vitro chamber invasion assay. Thus, a correlation exists for both constitutive and induced expression of caveolin-1 in CL cells. Immunohistochemical …