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We show that the quantum coordinate ring of the unipotent subgroup N(w) of a symmetric Kac–Moody group G associated with a Weyl group element w has the structure of a quantum cluster algebra. This quantum cluster structure arises naturally from a subcategory $${\fancyscript{C}_{w}}$$ of the module category of the corresponding preprojective algebra. An important ingredient of the proof is a system of quantum determinantal identities that can be viewed as a q-analogue of a T-system. In case G is a simple algebraic group of type A, D, E, we deduce from these results that the quantum coordinate ring of an open cell of a partial flag variety attached to G also has a cluster structure.