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Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between histological grade and apoptotic index (AI)  in  transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of urinary bladder.

Materials and Methods: Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 75    patients with TCC, who undergone transurethral resection (TUR)  were studied.       One 3-micron section was provided from each TUR samples.  In one section after hematoxylin and eosin  (H&E)  staining,  tumor grade was determined according to World Health Organization/International Society of Urology and Pathology (WHO/ISUP)  criteria.  The apoptotic  cells were determined using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)  mediated dUTP biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL)  technique.  Apoptotic index was then obtained    as the percent of TUNEL positive cells from observations of at least 1000 cells in  each section.

Results: Forty-nine patients were men and 26 were women. Â Mean age was 56.34? 9 years. Â Â Mean AI was 2.30? 0.50. Â The relationship between grade and AIÂ Â was significant (p= 0.000, r= 0.551); a higher grade was associated with a higher AI.

Conclusion: Apoptosis index has a positive correlation with bladder TCC’ s grade.  Further studies are needed to better determine the effect of apoptosis index on prognosis.