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Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a glucocorticoid-responsive form of pancreatitis that can mimic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). 1 AIP can manifest as either a diffuse or focal type, depending on the affected portion of the pancreas. In some instances, unnecessary major pancreatic surgeries have been performed for AIP, particularly the focal type, when suspicion of malignant lesions cannot be ruled out after a comprehensive diagnostic workup. 2 In the current issue of Clinical Endoscopy, Yonamine et al. 3 explored the clinical differences between focal-type AIP (23 patients) and PDAC (44 patients) and also assessed the impact of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided tissue acquisition on the diagnosis of focal-type AIP. The authors chose candidate factors to differentiate focal-type AIP and PDAC as follows:(1) serologic findings (carbohydrate antigen 19–9, immunoglobulin G4 [IgG4]),(2) computed …