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Fluorescence has long been recognized as an important tool for probing biological structure and function. Development of optically active structures that can enhance ffuorescence intensity has gained much attention as a means for detecting ffuorescent-tagged analytes at low concentrations for applications in DNA expression analysis and protein diagnostic assays. The majority of structures developed to date for this purpose utilize plasmon resonances of metals to increase the excitation of ffuorophores through enhanced near fields,[1–3] to increase the quantum yield by increasing the intrinsic radiativedecay rate of the ffuorophores,[4–6] to increase the directional emission,[7–9] or to employ some combination of these processes.[10–14]

Recently, photonic crystals (PCs) have also been used to enhance the emission intensity of organic dyes [15–17] and colloidal quantum dots.[18] Because PC resonators are …