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Impact of climate change on agriculture and food production is already perceptible. In the present scenario of rising temperature, changing patterns of rain; increasing occurrence of extreme climatic events such as cyclone, drought and flood; the concept of climate smart agriculture (CSA) originated in order to make agriculture more resilient to climate change. Sustainably enhancing efficiency, adaptation to and mitigation of climate change are three pillars of CSA. Microorganisms are vital to several ecological processes in agroecosystem such as organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling, N₂ fixation, phosphate solubilization, nutrient acquisition and recently discovered probiotics role. Appropriate management and exploitation of beneficial microbial functions such as use of biofertilizer, biopesticide, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, etc. help in achieving sustainable goal and alleviating adverse …