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To examine whether aspects of social capital, or benefits received from social relationships, are associated with regular bedtime and sleep duration across childhood in US families with lower income.

Cross-sectional study using the 2018–19 National Survey of Children's Health in participants with incomes <400% federal poverty level. Separately for early childhood (0–5 years), school-age (6–12 years), and adolescence (13–17 years), we used weighted logistic regression to examine associations between social capital (measured by family social cohesion, parent social support, child social support) and sleep (measured by regular bedtime, sleep duration, adequate sleep per American of Academy of Sleep guidelines). Path analysis tested whether regular bedtime mediated associations between social capital and sleep duration.

In our sample (N = 35,438), 84.9% had a regular bedtime …