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Although both obesity and ageing are risk factors for cognitive impairment, there is no evidence in Chile on how obesity levels are associated with cognitive function. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association between adiposity levels and cognitive impairment in older Chilean adults. This cross-sectional study includes 1384 participants, over 60 years of age, from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009-2010. Cognitive impairment was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination. BMI and waist circumference (WC) were used as measures of adiposity. Compared with people with a normal BMI, the odds of cognitive impairment were higher in participants who were underweight (OR 4.44; 95 % CI 2.43, 6.45; P < 0.0001), overweight (OR 1.86; 95 % CI 1.06, 2.66; P = 0.031) and obese (OR 2.26; 95 % CI 1.31, 3.21; P = 0.003). The associations were robust after adjustment for …