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Physical activity is an important health determinant. Little is known about sexual orientation differences in physical activity and their psychosocial determinants.

The aim of this study is to examine adolescent and young adult hours/week of moderate/vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and team sports participation by sexual orientation and investigate contributions of gender nonconformity and low athletic self-esteem to possible sexual orientation differences.

Analysis of data from 5,272 males and 7,507 females from 1999 to 2005 waves of the US Growing Up Today Study (ages 12–22 years).

Sexual minorities (i.e., lesbian, gay, bisexual, mostly heterosexual) reported 1.21–2.62 h/week less MVPA (p < 0.01) and were 46–76 % less likely to participate in team sports than same-gender heterosexuals …