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With the development of diagnostic techniques, the incidence of multiple pulmonary nodules has increased. The management of multiple primary lung cancer patients based on currently established criteria, however, remains controversial.

Patients who underwent curative operations for bilateral multiple primary lung cancer (BMPLC) based on the Martini–Melamed criterion between January 2001 and June 2014 were reviewed retrospectively.

Bilateral lobectomies and lobectomies with contralateral sublobar resections were performed in 39 and 49 patients, respectively. Bilateral sublobar resections were performed in the remaining 13 cases. Overall survival at 3 and 5 years was 84.5% and 75.0%, respectively. The use of a limited resection procedure for the contralateral second nodule in cases with stage I BMPLC did not have a negative effect on the 5-year overall survival (p = 0.752 …